Patients were notoriously known for being treated unfairly in mental institutions throughout history. Some of the ways in which the medical staff attempted to "treat" the patients were opium, leeches, and religious types of purges. Opium was one of the many types of drugs patients were given to try and calm them down. Leeches are fairly self-explanatory, but used as a method of not only treatment, but some kind punishment as it is with most of the other ways. For the purges sometimes priests were brought in to attempt to cleanse the mentally ill of their predicaments. There were also many different kinds of physical restraints that the patients were forced to endure. Another supposedly treating method were different types of drugs that the patients were given to try and "help" the patients, but more likely to make it easier on the medical staff. Also, there was a lot of overcrowding in mental institutions leading to unsanitary living conditions and the closing of many of such institutions over time. Patients were confined in untidy and even degrading conditions that were unfit for any living human being to have to live in.
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This is an example of a trans-orbital lobotomy where they would shock the patient unconscious and then roll their eyelid back and insert an small thin metal instrument into their tear duct and a mallet was used to push the instrument farther into the brain.
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This is an example of a lobotomy where they would cut open the patients head and mess with their brain to "fix" their illness.
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This is an example of shock therapy where doctors would send electric bolts though the patient in order to try and shock the "illness" out of them.